Plumb axe head identification

Jul 23, 2023 · Step 1- Do Some Research About the Craftsman Axe Head. Two things need to be highlighted to know about an axe head: one is forging, and another is casting. The technique an axe head is made is a great predictor of whether it’s a new or vintage axe. Forging or casting is the most common method for creating axe heads.

Plumb axe head identification. B. Moon. After reading through yesteryeartools.com site info on Plumb, Collins, and Mann Edge Tools, it looks to me Mann manufactured these axe heads with "M" and with/without weight numbers stamped on the head. After MET acquired Collins, Mann kept the brand and continued to make them in their factory. This practice is currently still going on ...

Description: Broad axe used by the early settlers of the Gatineau Valley. Year made: circa 1860-1900. Made by: Unknown. Materials/Medium: Wood, iron, steel. Colours: Brown, black. Provenance: Owned by the Sheffield family of Old Chelsea, Quebec. Size: 30.4 cm x 68.5 cm (weighs 8.4 pounds, with a 12-inch blade and a 27-inch helve)

Oct 27, 2009. #10. I had a Plumb double bit with just the name "PLUMB" in a rectangle. It was about 3 pounds. I also owned an old army pick/mattock with its canvas carrier marked "US Plumb Philada. 1944" The "Philada" of course meaning Philadelphia, PA where it was made. Good tools! T.Bluegrass Boys Axe Large Logo Rare... $51. K533 Antique Embossed AMERICAN BEAU... $100. Vintage Keesteel Washboard Axe Head... $211. dav2no1, 2 years ago. I tried to edit the photos and change the contrast..it helped a little, but no luck. You might try a pencil rubbing.Single Steel vs. Steel Bit. Prior to 1950 Hults Bruk axes were made of two separate steels. The main part of the head was made of iron and high quality edge steel was baked into the axe bit. It can be very difficult to tell if an axe was produced in this way. From 1950 to today the axe head is forged from a single piece of high-quality steel.5,002. Mar 23, 2018. #4. PLUMB 3 2 merely means the head is Plumb made and that it weighs 3 and 2 quarter (3 1/2) lb. Handle is original too. This thing was hardly used (decal material is still on the cheek) except for some clown/clod/cowboy figuring on it being perfect for chopping roots. Despite the epoxy-set (which you already know makes it ...3 Nov 16, 2021 #1 Hi all, am I an axe head collector? Probably not, but like most males I suspect I have had a fascination with blades of all descriptions, particularly axes since a small boy. Over the last thirty years I have picked up old axe heads whenever I have come across them.

609. Nov 21, 2017. #3. It's pretty difficult. If you're really lucky, someone who's very familiar can recognize an axe by a few, little details. For instance, eye ridges usually (but apparently not always) indicate True Temper. If the eye looks like three drilled holes, it's a Marbles.Antique Half Hatchet Buckeye Hickory Handle Hartwell Brothers 1923 / Head Victory Plumb / Tool, Carpentry 5 out of 5 stars (1.5k) $ 71.99. FREE shipping Add to Favorites ... Vintage 1950-1955 "Genuine Plumb" Boy Scout hatchet, camping tool, wood cutting, Official BSA Scout axe cleaned head original handle 5 out of 5 stars (5.4k)How to hang an axe head with a handle from Hoffman BlacksmithingBuy axe handles here - https://www.hoffmanblacksmithing.com/premium-axe-handlesThis axe was originally used by miners in the Middle Ages while mining for copper and silver ore in Europe. These axes feature a short handle and a long head, which are ideal for use in close quarters. Gradually over the centuries, these axes became a status symbol among miners, and may have intricately detailed engraving on the head of the axe ...Get the best deals for vintage plumb axe head at eBay.com. We have a great online selection at the lowest prices with Fast & Free shipping on many items!Discover the magic of the internet at Imgur, a community powered entertainment destination. Lift your spirits with funny jokes, trending memes, entertaining gifs, inspiring stories, viral videos, and so much more from users like GardnersGrendel.Antique Plumb Axe head. Unknown age weld repair $ 30.00. Add to Favorites Vintage PLUMB hewing axe, good shape. (3) $ 145.00. FREE shipping Add to Favorites Vintage Restored Genius Plumb National Pattern Boy Scout Hatchet on Charred American Made New Handle (11) $ 188.00. Add to Favorites ...

Nov 20, 2014 · Nov 19, 2014. #1. This is an awesome Plumb 4lb Jersey/Rockaway pattern full sized axe in amazing condition. This tool was cared for. The head has no rust or pits, and a poll that is in almost perfect shape. The original handle is also very nice, and the head is solid and tight, no wiggle at all. Overall this is a very nice axe given it's vintage. Up for your consideration is a used lot of ~8~ vintageaxe Heads. There are No handles included. In this lot there are various axe heads with various makers, sizes & weights. They range in weight from2. The top of the eye is larger than the bottom. You can tell the top of an axe head by measuring the eye (the hole in the axe head). While both sides will often look identical, the opening on the top side of the axe should be a little wider or longer. When hanging the head on a handle, extra room is needed for adding the wedge to lock the head ...Check out our axe head plumb selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our axes shops.

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The Plumb, the Clipper and the Spoon. A normal bow, as what we would call it, has developed from its predecessor which was a vertical bow. The angle at which the ship stem makes with the waterline is called the rake. A vertical, or unraked bow having a straight edge is known as a plumb bow. These bows have maximum waterline besides an X-Bow or ...Two of these axe heads obviously didn't come from there, so they really don't give me a land/family connection that they would otherwise. This one is about 5-1/2" long and 3/4 grooved. More flat and broad on the non-grooved side (top or bottom?) than the head below. No idea where it came from. This one is also 3/4 grooved and about 6-1/8" long.Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Vintage Plumb Axe Head at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!It's a 3-pound axe hung on a 30" handle. The handle is an octagonalized handle from House Handle. I did a little tweaking with the spokeshave and some sanding to get it in shape. The Rockaway pattern, like other Jersey patterns, is a little more work to hang with the lugs hanging down from the axe head. I'm not certain what the divot was for.

Feb 2, 2005. Messages. 19,988. Sep 6, 2011. #1. I picked up a Plumb axe for a presumably great price at an antique shop over the weekend. Head is in great shape, razor sharp. Could use a new handle, but it doesn't need one right away. Only markings I can see on the head are.Heavy Duty Electrician's Hammer, 20 oz. Head with Smooth Face, Heavy Duty Drop Forged Steel Tether Hole For Safety, Lightweight Fiberglass Handle, 1.75 Lbs 65116840. 4.7 out of 5 stars 945. $30.04 $ 30. 04. ... plumb axe plumb hatchet crescent hammer ...Antique PLUMB CARPENTERS HATCHET AXE w Original Fayette R Plumb Handle VINTAGE. $17.99. 0 bids. $17.65 shipping. 16h 21m. Vintage PLUMB 3 1/2 Lb. Single Bit Cruiser Axe w/Phantom Bevel & Orig 30" Handle. $69.99. $29.40 shipping. 59. Oct 31, 2017. #1. With the help of Steve Tall's research and countless hours of my own, I put together this Plumb Boy Scout Axe Timeline paper to help everyone date their BSA axes. It took over a year, but it was a fun project. I hope you enjoy reading it and using it to date your Plumb Scout Axes.Here is a vintage Plumb Connecticut axe head. It weighs 3 lb. and measures 6-1/4long overall with a 4-3/4 edge. It was lightly cleaned, the light mushrooming on the poll was cleaned up, and the edge was restored. It will need final sharpening after it is rehung. It shows normal wear and tear but isOct 8, 2020 · 4. Oct 8, 2020. #1. Ok. I have a question in regards to the sought after true temper Kelley works perfect Jersey pattern axe with the phantom bevels. Ok. I see two types of axe heads in this regard. First is stamped “true temper Kelley perfect” with two lines. The other stamped “true temper perfect Kelley works” with the perfect in the ... 6 1/2 long - 4 edge - 1lbs 11.9 ozsEdge is good, needs honing & shapingThere was Permabond in the eye has been cleaned out , inside of eye has a brighter shine to it. Picture 8Wear on the B in PlumbThe axe head allows the wood to be trimmed into shape, the notch helps with the removal of nails and the traditional hammer striking head is use when driving nails into the wood. Lath hammers have a metal head and shaft with a rubber handle which absorbs impact forces. and finally…. Thor’s Hammer!5. To remove stains and odor from clothing. Simply add half a cup of boric acid to your regular laundry load. You can also put half a cup of the acid into your toilet bowl and let it sit for 30 minutes. Not only does the boric acid remove stains, but it also removes unpleasant odor.

Here in Australia recently at Bunnings they stocked a Plumb axe but the head was stamped Hultafors bruks sweden, and came with a Coopers tools branded file. Was about $50au. Double Ott

Aug 6, 2020 · Drive the head. With the axe handle fitted into the head, pound the doe’s foot with a rubber or wooden mallet. This drives the head onto the handle. Drive the wedge. When the handle of the axe hangs true (straight or plumb), drive in the wooden wedge with a mallet. Saw off the top of the seated wedge with a coping saw. New Listing AMES BRUSH BUSH AXE HEAD CURVED HOOK CLEARING Farm Home Yard Garden Tool Chopper. Opens in a new window or tab. Pre-Owned. $39.99. cocopl_23 (962) 99.8%. ... Vintage Plumb Axe Head Brush Cutter/ Brush Hook. Opens in a new window or tab. Pre-Owned. $49.99. kvilletreasures (766) 100%.Step 1- Do Some Research About the Craftsman Axe Head. Two things need to be highlighted to know about an axe head: one is forging, and another is casting. The technique an axe head is made is a great predictor of whether it’s a new or vintage axe. Forging or casting is the most common method for creating axe heads.Written and published by Thomas C. Lamond, it is the most comprehensive book on spokeshaves available. The book includes 450+ pages of photographs, illustrations and information on spokeshave types, styles, manufacturers and patentees and more. Great for identification purposes. Available through this web sight.The heads were wrapped to the handle with layers of strong leather. How Axe Heads Are Made. Forging. The way an axe head is constructed is a key indicator of its age. Axe heads are typically formed by either forging or casting. Forging an axe involves heating the metal and hammering it until the desired shape, angle, and sharpness is achieved.Coming across a vintage double-bit ax in good shape is quite difficult these days, making them valuable among collectors. Vintage double-bit axes now sell reasonably, and some rare ones can sell for over $400. A vintage Black Raven double-bit ax by Kelly Works was sold on eBay for $450.Lacking a circular saw, some things were done expediently. A hatchet was in every carpenter' s tool box. Framing lumber was rough sawn, not planed on all 4 sides like today. There were variations in width. Notches were often quickly cut with a hatchet to make surfaces even.I was checking that out a little earlier. I also saw a thread on another forum that discussed a plumb hewing hatchet (image links were broken) that said the screw wedge went out of use ( or at least stopped being advertised) somewhere in the early 50's and the permabond started in the mid 50's. Vintage PLUMB Carpenters Axe Hatchet Head With Nail Puller 1lb. 10.8oz. Lot Of 2 Vintage Plumb Octagon Poll Carpenters Hatchet Head Axe. ... Sewing Tools And Trinkets Collector's Identification & Value Guide, Vol. James & Frederick Howard Britannia Iron Works Cultivators Ploughs & Agri.Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for vintage Plumb Autograph single bit axe head signature series at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!

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Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Vintage PLUMB 32 (3-2) Double Bit Axe Ax at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products! ... Vintage Axe, Vintage Axe Head, Embossed Axe, Antique Axe, Norlund Axe, Collectible Axes & Hatches, Collins Collectible Axes & Hatches; Additional site …That's correct."Cast steel" refers to the steel that the edge of the tool is made of.By this is meant an old method of melting small batches of high-quality steel in a crucible. So the edge of that broad-axe is of that material,for edge-retention,and other working qualities.The rest,the "body" of the tool being of some form of softer,malleable ...Aug 11, 2012 · 0. Oct 17, 2015. #6. We picked up an old axe head today at the local flea market. The only marking we can make out is some lettering starting with D. and ending with LA. We can not make anything else out on it. Anyone have any ideas as to what it could be? After 2 lbs the head weight takes its toll on your arm. Short pack axes: These are axes with handles from 18" to 20.5", and head weights between 1.25 and 2 3/8 lbs. These are the shortest axes that can be used two handed comfortably. Pack Axes: These are 23" to 24" handles with heads from 1 1/4 to 2 1/4 lbs.New Listing Vintage PLUMB 3 (2) Axe Head, Phantom Bevels, Single Bit, 3lbs.-5oz. $39.00. $7.95 shipping. or Best Offer. VINTAGE PLUMB BOY SCOUT HATCHET WITH ORIGINAL LEATHER SHEATH. $45.00. $14.00 shipping. or Best Offer. Vintage Plumb Cedar Hudson Style Axe Head. $250.00. Free shipping. or Best Offer. Plumb Boy Scouts of America …8 Eyl 2023 ... Plumb axe heads were forged from premium steel and weighed to provide perfect balance. Vintage Plumb axes marked with the company's Penguin ...The Ames Co. had been acquired in 1955 by Bernhard McDonough, a major businessman headquartered in Parkersburg, West Virginia. Indications are that after 1971 production by the Plumb division consisted of axes, hatchets, hammers and sledges. Production of Plumb files may have been discontinued by that time.Oct 10, 2011 · Dating a Plumb axe. Thread starter silenthunterstudios; Start date Sep 6, 2011; S. silenthunterstudios. Joined Feb 2, 2005 Messages 19,988. Sep 6, 2011 #1 I picked up a Plumb axe for a presumably great price at an antique shop over the weekend. Head is in great shape, razor sharp. ….

A pre-permabond Plumb 3 1/2 on one of the thinnest 30" slim taper helves I have ever seen. At its thinnest the haft is 3/4 X 1 1/8. The head still has red and gold letters on the Plumb stamp. Also looks like professional axe hangers know how to fix minor wedging issues..5,002. Mar 23, 2018. #4. PLUMB 3 2 merely means the head is Plumb made and that it weighs 3 and 2 quarter (3 1/2) lb. Handle is original too. This thing was hardly used (decal material is still on the cheek) except for some clown/clod/cowboy figuring on it being perfect for chopping roots. Despite the epoxy-set (which you already know makes it ...Axe production in the 1800s was a laborious process, even with the aid of machines. Early axes were made from two pieces of metal. The poll or head of an axe was formed by folding a bar of heated wrought iron, which also creates an eye. High carbon steel was used for the bit or cutting edge. Two methods existed for attaching a bit to the iron ...Antique Plumb Axe head. Unknown age weld repair Sale Price $22.50 $ 22.50 $ 30.00 Original Price $30.00 (25% ... Plumb Axes Wooden Crate, Antique Advertising Box, Philadelphia Pennsylvania, Plumb tool Company, Plumb Axe, Wood Box, Primitive, AmericanaSeen here is a PLUMB Axe head witch I found recently and cleaned up, sharpened, and subsequently removed the head from the handle ( due to a small crack and some splinters at the base). I am unsure as to whether or not the handle is original to the axe head. Shown in the picture portraying the eye of the axe head is the screw that was in the ...The head weight is approximately 2 1/2 lbs. The ax head is 6 1/4 inches long. The blade width is 3 3/4 inches at the cutting edge. The pole is 2 1/2 inches long and 1 inch thick. The eye has two ridges on the inside and is 2 inches long. The eye starts 3/4 inches from the pole. I thought it was a Plumb ax but these is no Plumb marking on it.Shop the gear in this video at my store; Robinet Outfitters ️ https://robinetoutfitters.com/Equip yourself with the best, highest quality bushcraft products...Antique Plumb Axe head. Unknown age weld repair $ 30.00. Add to Favorites Collins Axe Head (288) $ 50.00. Add to Favorites vintage old primitive small heavy hand forged axe/ hatchet head rustic primitive 2-1/2 LBS. ... Will keep trying to mount axe head." Forged Handmade 0.300 Kg/0.66 lbs Viking Style Steel Blank Axe Head Throwing Hatchet ... Plumb axe head identification, Oklahoma. Jan 19, 2012. #1. Thought I would share my favorite axe with you all. It's a Plumb Double bit that is probably around a 100 years old. This was my wife's great grandfather's and my father in law was about to sell it in a garage sale for $2. It was black and rust colored with a broken handle and he told me I could have it if I wanted it., Pre-Columbian Archaic Stone Axe Head 3/4 Groove: The lot features a Pre-Columbian Archaic Period stone head axe head from ca 5000 to 3000 BCE. The piece. Grp: 6 Stone Axes Hohokum Hopi & Mexican: Grp: 6 Stone Axes Hohokum Hopi & Mexican: Group of six stone axes from the Southwestern United States and Mexico. Includes early Hopi hohokum axes, and, Vintage/Antique OLD TOOL Axe Head - Plumb/Kelly/Hytest 4lb - Tasmanian Pattern Opens in a new window or tab. Pre-Owned. C $93.17. Top Rated Seller Top Rated Seller. 29 bids · Time left 17h left +C $45.45 shipping. from Australia. Sponsored. Hytest ? Tasmanian Pattern Axe - Fantastic Collectors Piece, W H Plumb (Aust) Ltd 1929-1939 used Fern name and Fern trade mark. Original W H Plumb Pty Ltd 1939- 1977 In their 1963 Catalogue they boast of being "Suppliers to the Australian trade for over 50 years". The trade name was mostly W H Plumb Sydney and the trade mark was now the plum although there are some tools with both the plumb name and the ..., Feb 2, 2005. Messages. 19,988. Sep 6, 2011. #1. I picked up a Plumb axe for a presumably great price at an antique shop over the weekend. Head is in great shape, razor sharp. Could use a new handle, but it doesn't need one right away. Only markings I can see on the head are., Antique Plumb Axe Head, Brush Axe + Brush Axe Marked Plumb Other Axe Head Not Marked Condition: Heavily Worn, Poor, Plumb Has A Split Handle Size: Plumb: 42 Axe: 35. Toggle navigation ... System ID # 13981087; End Date; Start Date; Description Antique 'Plumb' Axe Head, Brush Axe + Brush Axe Marked Plumb; Other Axe Head Not Marked;, The over all length is 24" and the weight is 2 lb 4.3 oz. This is an entire very capable axe the weight of a boy's axe head. I'd bet it can go through the same amount of wood, only losing a small amount of time. ETA: The steel appears pretty tough from the effort it took to grind it., #1 Hello All I have a couple of full size axes I very rarely use and this is one I don't think I've ever used. I've had it so long I can't remember where I got it but out of …, 7 Vintage Axe Hatchet Head Lot Plumb Vaughn Stanley Unmarked Phantom Bevels Adze. Opens in a new window or tab. Pre-Owned. C $65.85. Top Rated Seller Top Rated Seller. 1 bid · Time left 5d 16h left (Thu, 05:00 p.m.) donsnapon (1,475) 100% donsnapon (1,475) 100%. from United States. derosnopS., Heavy Duty Electrician's Hammer, 20 oz. Head with Smooth Face, Heavy Duty Drop Forged Steel Tether Hole For Safety, Lightweight Fiberglass Handle, 1.75 Lbs 65116840. 4.7 out of 5 stars 945. $30.04 $ 30. 04. ... plumb axe plumb hatchet crescent hammer ..., Plumb Cedar Axe. SKU: Axe03. With a cedar-pattern head at just around 2 lbs, this was what the old timers called a boy's axe. Some of my favorite axes are of this size. Big enough to drop and limb a small tree or do camp chores with ease, yet small enough to swing for hours. Great to take canoeing too. 25" hickory haft is a replacement from ..., Plumb® Pro Series™ 20 oz. Fiberglass Handle Smooth Face Curved Claw Hammer (11400) 0. $18.08. Plumb® 40 oz. Fiberglass Handle Ball-Peen Hammer (11430) 0. $18.72. Clear All. With a wide range of tools, equipment, and supplies from Plumb and other popular brands, we have everything you need to get more work done in less time. , Description: Broad axe used by the early settlers of the Gatineau Valley. Year made: circa 1860-1900. Made by: Unknown. Materials/Medium: Wood, iron, steel. Colours: Brown, black. Provenance: Owned by the Sheffield family of Old Chelsea, Quebec. Size: 30.4 cm x 68.5 cm (weighs 8.4 pounds, with a 12-inch blade and a 27-inch helve), The most familiar type of antique axe (also correctly spelled “ax”) is the felling axe, whose long, curved handle increases its impact when cutting at the trunk of a tree. The heads of these axes varied regionally in terms of their design, but their functionality was the same. Originally made entirely of a single piece of iron that was ..., Cruiser axes are small, light axes that usually have a double bit. Head weight ranges, but most brands keep them between 2-4lbs. Their handles are shorter than full-sized splitting and felling axes, usually limited to 28″ and less. Cruisers provide excellent balance; most people will find them easy to swing., 307. Location. West Branch MI. Nov 12, 2014. #4. I have a "Flint Edge" which I think is actually a true temper/kelly works, as well I have a Plumb Victory, among other axes. I'm not sure you will see a big quality difference between the two brands, though those individual heads may be somewhat different (without pictures is hard to know) I ..., 59. Oct 31, 2017. #1. With the help of Steve Tall's research and countless hours of my own, I put together this Plumb Boy Scout Axe Timeline paper to help everyone date their BSA axes. It took over a year, but it was a fun project. I hope you enjoy reading it and using it to date your Plumb Scout Axes., Description: Broad axe used by the early settlers of the Gatineau Valley. Year made: circa 1860-1900. Made by: Unknown. Materials/Medium: Wood, iron, steel. Colours: Brown, black. Provenance: Owned by the Sheffield family of Old Chelsea, Quebec. Size: 30.4 cm x 68.5 cm (weighs 8.4 pounds, with a 12-inch blade and a 27-inch helve), There was an 'already sold' ($275!) entry for an NOS Plumb box (with manufacture date 1/8/1972) containing two NOS Jet Wing axes. There are available 2 separately framed magazine ads for Jet Wing axes. The 1956 ad features Permabond whereas the 1954 ad makes no mention of it., Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for vtg PLUMB axe head at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!, Mar 2, 2016. #132. Steve Tall said: The second page of the Plumb price list dated March 2, 1964: The plot thickens! Interesting amongst the 28 inch handle non-Permabonds "boy's" axes that 2 1/4 lb 'National' and 'Plumb Advertised' are priced 20% higher than the same weight All American., An axe head and mould Vietnam, Dong Son culture, c 1000 BCE the axe mould 11 cm long, the bell 10.5 cm long (3). Provenance: Mossgreen, Melbourne, 23 to 25 Nov 2008, lot 939 ... Axes: Group of antique & vintage axes comprising Robesbrey (Sheffield) broadhead; Autograph Fayette Plumb axe head; German tomahawk & a number 2 adze. (4 items), Electronics, Cars, Fashion, Collectibles & More | eBay, Antique Axe - It's undeniably one of the very first & most recognized tools. Broader categories should check client's interest. ... Source:Etsy.com Five x antique plumb bob with rope, ca.1920. Antique Plumb Bob ... Don't miss the YouTube videos to sharpen your skills on antique tools identification, pricing & use. You can start with ..., I would also file check the bit, usually the better the metal the older the axe. Those are a couple things I look at. I think pegs is the one that got me into having a file with me when I look at axes now. That goes over real well in antique shops. U can also knock on the axe head but that usually only works on broad axes or very large axes., Check out our plumb victory axe selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our axes shops. Etsy. Search for items or shops ... Plumb Victory Double Bit Ax head (124) $ 111.11. FREE shipping Add to Favorites Plumb Boy Scout Hatchet head (285) $ 71.98. Add to Favorites ..., Mar 2, 2016. #132. Steve Tall said: The second page of the Plumb price list dated March 2, 1964: The plot thickens! Interesting amongst the 28 inch handle non-Permabonds "boy's" axes that 2 1/4 lb 'National' and 'Plumb Advertised' are priced 20% higher than the same weight All American., Up for bid is a vintage Plumb axe head.The engraving is very legible.It looks like a "3 2" is engraved just above the name. It may be hard to see in photos.Surface rust and pits as expected.Part of an, Yare yare daze said: I thought I would ask about the axe head I recently bought. Here is a CT Dayton to compare: Your axe: Bob. FWIW, this is how I post images on my laptop. Of course YMMV. Go to the Bladeforums editor, put the cursor where you want the picture, and paste (eg. hold ctrl and press V). S., The head of the Puget Sound Falling Axe is made of tempered steel, and weighs between 3 and 5 pounds. It's a double-bit axe, which means it has a blade on either end. In this regard, the Puget ..., I would also file check the bit, usually the better the metal the older the axe. Those are a couple things I look at. I think pegs is the one that got me into having a file with me when I look at axes now. That goes over real well in antique shops. U can also knock on the axe head but that usually only works on broad axes or very large axes., Copper-bladed axes appeared in Egypt about 4000 bc and were followed by axes with blades of bronze and eventually iron; blades were fastened to hafts by a variety of means—e.g., lashed into a wooden sleeve, bound into a split of wood, inserted in a bone socket. Is plumb a good axe brand? Vintage Plumb are some of the best axes ever made., For general woods use - clearing trails, etc. - a western pattern DB is a good choice. Most DB's in the 4-pound range will make nice splitters using the twist method. For trails and campsite I have a well made Plumb Double Bit (cruiser weight) or a Plumb Single Bit Boy's Axe with a new 24" Handle.