History of american journalism

NEW HISTORIES OF AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS - Volume 63 Issue 5. Will Irwin worked as a reporter and muckraker for ten years before he wrote The American newspaper (1911). Published by Collier's magazine over fifteen issues, it was a pioneering study of 'journalism in its relation to the public', and it has been much cited by historians. Irwin argued that American newspapers in the early ...

History of american journalism. Muckraking can be defined as investigative journalism that serves as a public service. As presented in lecture, magazines supported muckraking as a form of journalism by allowing room for longer pieces of work, depth and exploration, individual style, and usages of literary devices which were not as prevalent in newspapers. For example,

American Journalism also welcomes articles that treat the history of communication in general; the history of broadcasting, advertising, and public relations; the history of media outside the United States; and theoretical issues in the literature or methods of media history. The Intelligencer is the quarterly newsletter of the AJHA. It ...

Preferred Citation: MacKinnon, Stephen R., and Oris Friesen China Reporting: An Oral History of American Journalism in the 1930s and 1940s. ... Another way the Missouri School of Journalism influenced Chinese and American journalism was through its close relationship with the Department of Journalism at Yenching University in Peking. The ...Photojournalism is journalism that uses images to tell a news story. It usually only refers to still images, but can also refer to video used in broadcast journalism.Photojournalism is distinguished from other close branches of photography (such as documentary photography, social documentary photography, war photography, street photography and celebrity photography) by having a rigid ethical ...Title: History of American Journalism 1 History of Journalism in America Mrs. Renee Robinson Journalism I 2 Quest For News. People have always had a desire to know the news. News was carried by bards and messengers. In the Middle Ages, gossip and news was exchanged during annual fairs. 3 First Newspapers. By 59 B.C., the Romans had hand-copied newsHistory of American Journalism. Midterm Keywords. STUDY. PLAY. Marshall McLuhan & his theories "The Medium is the Message." "Every new technology incorporates the content of the one before." Technology extends the mind. Shannon-Weaver model of communication. Sender Coder Channel Message Decoder ReceiverN aturally enough, the history of black people in journalism shadows the history of race in America itself, which across the ages has slowly and ever reluctantly ceded space to people of African ...April 19, 2022 By Mike Chinoy. AP Photo. a. b. Richard Nixon’s visit to China fifty years ago would reshape the global geopolitical map, alter the balance of power in the Cold War, and open the door to a new relationship between the People’s Republic and the United States. It was also a milestone in the history of journalism: For the first ...Printing Presses: History and Development from the Fifteenth Century to Modern Times. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973. Mott, Frank Luther. American Journalism: A History, 1690-1960. 3d ed. New York: MacMillan, 1962. Nord, David Paul. Communities of Journalism: a History of Newspapers and Their Readers. Urbana: University of ...Matthew Pressman, an assistant professor of journalism at Seton Hall University, is the author of On Press: The Liberal Values That Shaped the News (Harvard University Press, 2018), a history of American journalism's transformation in the 1960s and 1970s, and is currently researching a book on the history of the New York Daily News. He also ...

Though often repeated, the anecdote is almost certainly untrue. January 31 — The epithet "yellow journalism" first appears in print, in a small headline near the bottom of page six of Ervin Wardman's New York Press. February 2 — The New York Journal publishes Richard Harding Davis' evocative, detail-rich dispatch about the firing-squad ...From the First Amendment to Facebook, this popular textbook – now in its third edition – provides a comprehensive exploration of the guiding principles of journalism and what makes it unique. Authors Stephanie Craft and Charles Davis cover the profession's ethical and legal foundations, its historical and modern precepts, the economic ...This course surveys the history of American journalism chronologically, using a series of case studies grounded in historical scholarship and primary sources. Students will consider the ways the practice, institution, technologies, and values of journalism have changed over time. Topics include the functions, roles, institutions, practices ...Prof. Hume further posited that obituaries provide greater insight into the history of American journalism by illustrating how prevailing news practices evolved with mass press emergence that might have historically influenced death notices. Supporting references cited are Andrew Jackson's Presidency, the Civil War and early Women's ...In the 1890s, rival American newspaper publishers Joseph Pulitzer and William Hearst competed over the audience through sensationalism and reporting rumors as though they were facts, a practice that became known at the time as "yellow journalism." Their incredulous news played a role in leading the US into the Spanish-American War of 1898.A new type of newspaper came to dominate the American press—more sober, more moderate, more businesslike in its presentation of the news. The transformation of the newspaper was driven largely by rising costs within the industry. James Bennett had launched the Herald in 1835 with a start-up fund of $500.(2003). Communities of Journalism: A History of American Newspapers and Their Readers by David Paul Nord. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2001. 293 pp. American ...Still, the trend in America's legal evolution was clearly toward a broader interpretation of freedom of the press. In the 1960s and '70s, journalists protected by the First Amendment exposed embarrassing secrets of the government's mismanagement of the Vietnam War (in the so-called "Pentagon Papers") and even brought down a president ( Richard ...

Oct 31, 2017 · The timeline history of journalism: 1. Somewhere in 1556, the government of Venice introduced the monthly written notices known as Notiziescritte in which everything regarding politics, military activities, and economic news was conveyed in Europe. 2. The Gazette de France was in play in 1632 in France as a first-ever newspaper of France. American Journalism also welcomes articles that treat the history of communication in general; the history of broadcasting, advertising, and public relations; the history of media outside the United States; and theoretical issues in the literature or methods of media history. The Intelligencer is the quarterly newsletter of the AJHA. It ...1 Bibliography: American journalism. 1.1 General: scholarly secondary sources. 1.2 Colonial Origins, Revolution, New Nation. 1.3 Penny Press, Telegraph and Party Politics. 1.4 Civil War. 1.5 Yellow Journalism & Muckrakers: 1890-1920. 1.6 20th Century: 1920 - present. 2 Media history. 3 Radio and television journalism.The 100 Outstanding Journalists in the United States in the Last 100 Years: Nominees. Here is the list of nominees, plus write-ins, by the faculty at the Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute at New York University for our list of “the 100 Outstanding Journalists in the United States in the Last 100 Years.”These nominations were compiled and voted on in …American Journalism The history of the American news media has been a popular subject with journalists, popular writers, and historians since the early years of the Republic, and it continues to attract widespread interest. Until now, however, no complete bibliography of these historical materials has been available. ...

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Widely acknowledged as one of our most insightful commentators on the history of journalism in the United States, David Paul Nord reveals how newspapers have intersected with religion, politics, reform, and urban life over nearly three centuries, His lively and wide-ranging discussion shows journalism to be a vital component of community.The American Journalism History Reader presents important primary textsâe"news articles and essays about journalism from all stages of the history of the American pressâe"alongside key works of journalism history and criticism. The volume aims to place journalism history in its theoretical context, to familiarize the reader with essential ...The Routledge Companion to American Journalism History revisits media history across forms, formats, and multiple fault lines, including gender, ethnicity, race, and citizenship status. Original contributions highlight areas of journalism history in desperate need of further treatment, with a special focus on diversity, equity, and accountability. Sections cover the early origins and ...In 1937, Sterling A. Brown, a poet and literature professor at Howard University, published a forthright essay charting the history of Black life in his hometown of Washington, DC—from the district's early status as the "very seat and center" of the domestic slave trade through the present-day effects of disenfranchisement and segregation. . "In this border city, southern in so many ...7 A search of American Journalism yields three hits for Lewis, all three passing references—one critical (Krompak, 1987), one neutral (Simpson, 1995), and one referring to his archived papers (Bratslavsky, 2015). A search of Journalism History yields seven hits—two referring to archival papers or recordings (Allen, 1996; Hoffman, 1999), one neutral passing reference in an article (O'Rourke ...Crusaders and Conservatives, 1875–1912: Journalism in Yellow and Gray Download; XML; Professionalizing the News in Peace and War, 1900–1920 Download; XML; Jazz Age Journalism, 1920–1929: Magazines and Radio Challenge the Newspaper Download; XML; Hard Times, 1929–1941: Three Great Columnists, Two Great Reporters, One Horrible …

Journalism is the activity of gathering, assessing, creating, and presenting news and information. It is also the product of these activities. Journalism can be distinguished from other activities and products by certain identifiable characteristics and practices. These elements not only separate journalism from other forms of communication ...The most widely read columnist in American journalism. His "three-dot" column was a must-read in the New York Evening Graphic and, later, in the New York Daily ... Some of the worst racial violence in American history took place during the 1920s. On the first day of 1923, a white mob searching for an alleged rapist burned all but one building ...By Beth Hatcher. 1827 — Freedom’s Journal, America’s first Black-owned and operated newspaper, began publication. 1852 — The African Methodist Episcopal Church established The Christian Recorder, the oldest continuously published Black newspaper in the United States.. 1952 — Simeon Booker Jr. became the first Black …7. sep. 2016 ... In this episode of the History Slam, I talk with Matt Pressman about his forthcoming book on American journalism in the 1960s and 1970s. We chat ...Journalism History 14: 2-3 (1987): 54-67. Buozis, Michael. “Reading Helen Jewett’s Murder: The Historiographical Problems and Promises of Journalism.” American Journalism 35:3 (Summer 2018): 334-356. Canada, Mark. Literature and Journalism in Antebellum America: Thoreau, Stowe, and the Contemporaries Respond to the Rise of the Commercial ... History of American Journalism in the 19405. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1987. xxx+230 pages. Map, photo­ graphs, glossary, index, n.p. ISBN 0-520—05843-7. War and revolution in the 1930s and 1940s attracted an extraordinary number of giftedUseful insights for people advancing quality, innovative and sustainable journalism. In their book The Elements of Journalism, Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel identify the essential principles and practices of journalism. Here are 10 elements common to good journalism, drawn from the book. Journalism's first obligation is to the truth Good ...The History of American Journalism. Scholastic Journalism Gazette, Vol. XII. ... objectivity vs. yellow journalism, and responsibility to readers). (NKA) Descriptors: Freedom of Speech, Journalism Education, Journalism History, Newspapers, Technological Advancement, Technology Integration, United States History, Writing for Publication ...

The Routledge Companion to American Journalism History revisits media history across forms, formats, and multiple fault lines, including gender, ethnicity, race, and citizenship status. Original contributions highlight areas of journalism history in desperate need of further treatment, with a special focus on diversity, equity, and accountability. Sections …

History of American Journalism. First newspaper published in America • Publick Occurrences was the paper • Only one edition printed Benjamin Harris 1690. Newspaper editor put on trial for criticism of …The Journal-American was once the city’s most widely read afternoon newspaper—yes, afternoon paper, a once-grand tradition of American journalism that has gone the way of the Linotype machine ...History of American journalism by James Melvin Lee, March 15, 2007, Martin Press edition, Paperback in EnglishWe talk about journalism in America journalist started their work in an organized way and the first ever foundation of journalism took birth in England, 1883. The timeline history of journalism: 1. Somewhere in 1556, the government of Venice introduced the monthly written notices known as Notiziescritte in which everything regarding politics ...The Journal-American was once the city’s most widely read afternoon newspaper—yes, afternoon paper, a once-grand tradition of American journalism that has gone the way of the Linotype machine ...Study History of American Journalism flashcards. Create flashcards for FREE and quiz yourself with an interactive flipper.By Beth Hatcher. 1827 — Freedom’s Journal, America’s first Black-owned and operated newspaper, began publication. 1852 — The African Methodist Episcopal Church established The Christian Recorder, the oldest continuously published Black newspaper in the United States.. 1952 — Simeon Booker Jr. became the first Black …W. Joseph Campbell. Twentieth-century American journalism was born in a little-remembered burst of inspired self-promotion. It was born in a paroxysm of yellow journalism. Ten seconds into the century, the first issue of the New York Journal of 1 January 1901 fell from the newspaper'ss complex of fourteen high-speed presses.1895-1898. Yellow journalism was a style of newspaper reporting that emphasized sensationalism over facts. During its heyday in the late 19th century it was one of many factors that helped push the United States and Spain into war in Cuba and the Philippines, leading to the acquisition of overseas territory by the United States.As historian Richard K. Hines writes, “The American Press, especially ‘yellow presses’ such as William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal [and] Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World … sensationalized the brutality of the reconcentrado and the threat to American business interests. Journalists frequently embellished Spanish atrocities and ...

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Mark Brewin, “A Brief History of the History of Objectivity,” paper presented at the Joint Journalism and Communication History Conference, New York, NY, March 10, 2012; Kaplan, Politics and the American Press; David T. Z. Mindich, Just the Facts: How “Objectivity” Came to Define American Journalism (New York: NYU Press, 1998); …Several writers on journalism have pointed to Charleston, South Carolina, as an example of where newspapers were vir- tually owned and controlled by a powerful social organization. Attention has been repeatedly called to how the newspapers of that city never report the balls and social activities of the St. Cecilia Society.Journalism history, with a few notable exceptions, takes the form of 1,000-page comprehensive surveys that are only read under the forced discipline of the classroom or spe- ... American journalism is not the last word on how journalism should be prac-ticed but one attempt, at once successful and flawed, at rendering the world ...Newspaper sports coverage expanded greatly in this era. The New York World, owned by Joseph Pulitzer, became the first American newspaper with its own sports department in 1883. In 1895, the New York Journal, owned by William Randolph Hearst, introduced the first distinct sports section, in which sports coverage had its own part of the paper.JOURNALISM, HISTORY OFSome form of "news packaging," defined as tailoring news for sale, has likely existed since the first newspapers were published. This entry, however, examines the history of journalism in terms of four basic American eras: the 1830s, the Civil War era, the Watergate era, and the 1980s and beyond. News packaging (not to be …Hearst became a major competitor of Joseph Pulitzer when he purchased The New York Journal in 1895. Under Hearst's direction, the paper fanned the flames of war, urging it's readers to "Remember the Maine", a U.S. navy ship that exploded mysteriously in Cuba. Hearst's efforts contributed to the start of the Spanish-American War. Penny Press. - 1833. - Benjamin Day sold his newspaper for 1 penny. - New York Sun gained a large circulation. Associated Press. - 1848. - Telegraph wire allows for a network of papers. - This network forms the basis of the modern AP wire service crucial in journalism. - Network newspapers.The first American news sheet was printed in Mexico in 1541, and described an earthquake in Guatemala. However, newspapers did not come to the American colonies until September 25, 1690; when Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick was published in Boston by Benjamin Harris. This is considered to be the first true American newspaper.In American Samoa: History of American Samoa. In 1878 the United States signed a treaty for the establishment of a naval station in Pago Pago Harbor. An 1899 agreement between colonial powers divided Samoa into spheres of influence: Germany gained control of the western islands, and the United States took the eastern islands. Formal cession ...Description. Journalism 1 provides students with the fundamental basics of journalism. Students begin by exploring the history of American journalism, examining different media such as print, radio, television, and internet journalism. Students learn how to write a news story, feature story, and editorial with a focus on research, analyzing the ... ….

American Journalism is the official publication of the American Journalism Historians Association. Peer reviewed and published quarterly, the journal concerns itself with media history in all national and transnational contexts. It publishes articles, essays, book reviews, and reviews of digital media. by George Henry Payne. New York; D. Appleton & Co. 1920. 12mo, xx+453 pp. MR. PAYNE tells the story of the coördinated development of democracy and journalism in this country, from the days of ...About the Book Widely acknowledged as one of our most insightful commentators on the history of journalism in the United States, David Paul Nord reveals how newspapers have intersected with religion, politics, reform, and urban life over nearly three centuries, His lively and wide-ranging discussion shows journalism to be a vital component of community. The Yenching journalism faculty included many Missouri graduates and teaching fellows. In 1932 the dean of Missouri's School of Journalism, Frank L. Martin, was an exchange professor at Yenching and virtual department head. Mac Fisher, who graduated from Yenching's Department of Journalism in 1933, was one of the products of this direct influence.The Journal-American was once the city’s most widely read afternoon newspaper—yes, afternoon paper, a once-grand tradition of American journalism that has gone the way of the Linotype machine ...Like Humphrey, Huntzicker provides a broad overview. 20 For social history treatments of journalism and news, two highly regarded works are Discovering the News: a Social History of American Newspapers by Michael Schudson (first sixty pages cover this era), and Journalistic Standards in Nineteenth-Century America by Hazel Dicken-Garcia. 21The Sun became the first paper to be printed by what became known as the penny press. Prior to the emergence of the penny press, the most popular paper, New York City’s Courier and Enquirer, had sold 4,500 copies per day. By 1835, The Sun sold 15,000 copies per day. Benjamin Day’s Sun, the first penny paper. factors. As powerful as the Anglo-American model was, it was never fully realized, nor could it become the regnant model throughout the world. Journalism will carry on, but along with many other types of news, all of which carry coatings from the past. Keywords: Anglo-American journalism, communication history, history of news, journalism, History of american journalism, A champion of America's great writers and timeless works, Library of America guides readers in finding and exploring the exceptional writing that reflects the nation's history and culture. From poetry, novels, and memoirs to journalism, crime writing, and science fiction, the more than 300 volumes published by Library of America are widely ..., In 1939 she was recognized by Time magazine as the second most influential woman in America after Eleanor Roosevelt. Regarded as the "First Lady of American Journalism." Hunter S. Thompson (1937-2005) - creator of Gonzo journalism; Theodore White (1915-1986) - reporter for Time magazine in China, 1939-1944, author of Making of the ..., in the "Closed Society". Jason A. Peterson. In the summer of 1960, Billy Barton, a journalism major at the University of Mississippi, worked as an intern at the Atlanta Journal. Barton, a reporter at the university newspaper, the Mississippian, was misidentified by a Citizens' Council informant as a sit-in participant and a member of the ..., Add to Cart Add this copy of History of American Journalism to cart. $18.00, very good condition, Sold by Between the Covers-Rare Books rated 5.0 out of 5 stars, ships from Gloucester City, NJ, UNITED STATES, published 1923 by Garden City Publ. Co., The perceived lack of 'status' of journalism schools has cemented a rupture which has left sociology in the US studying every aspect of popular modern culture ..., The leading History database for United States history is: America: History and Life (peer reviewed articles, some full-text articles, United States History, Pre-Colonial Era to Present) Other databases useful for research for United States history to 1877 are: Academic Search Complete (full-text articles, broad subject coverage including History), The authors provide a comprehensive exploration of the guiding principles of journalism--the ethical and legal foundations of the profession, its historical and modern precepts, the economic landscape, the relationships among journalism and other social institutions, and the key issues and challenges that contemporary journalists face, American Decades: 1950-1959 pdf. To many, the 1950s recall an idyllic era when everyone conformed and everyone lived simply and happily. Beneath this conformity, people were stirring and new ideas were simmering; some would not explode until the 1960s. Television became a powerful medium. Commercials sold everything from chewing gum to presidents., "Search America's historic newspaper pages from 1789-1924 or use the U.S. Newspaper Directory to find information about American newspapers published between 1690-present. The NYS Historic Newspapers project, Description. Journalism 1 provides students with the fundamental basics of journalism. Students begin by exploring the history of American journalism, examining different media such as print, radio, television, and internet journalism. Students learn how to write a news story, feature story, and editorial with a focus on research, analyzing the ..., China Reporting documents the gathering of American journalists, diplomats and China scholars, "old China hands" all, who met in 1982 to discuss their experience in China. ... China Reporting: An Oral History of American Journalism in the 1930's and 1940's. Stephen R. MacKinnon, Oris Friesen. University of California Press, Jan 23, ..., The late 19th and early-to-mid 20th centuries marked both the rise and fall of objectivity in American news media. Even so, the golden age of objectivity, paradoxically characterized by both elitism and ethicism, was anything but an era of pure objective journalism. This is the ninth part in a Citizen Truth series on media bias and the history ..., The legitimacy of journalism is vulnerable to attack (Carlson and Lewis, 2015); in fact, attacks have stretched across the history of American journalism, during both settled and unsettled periods. Third, the experimentation, inception, formalization, and reconsideration of the journalistic paradigm have happened in discourse with interlocutors ..., Description. Journalism 1 provides students with the fundamental basics of journalism. Students begin by exploring the history of American journalism, examining different media such as print, radio, television, and internet journalism. Students learn how to write a news story, feature story, and editorial with a focus on research, analyzing the ..., History of American newspapers. The history of American newspapers begins in the early 18th century with the publication of the first colonial newspapers. American newspapers began as modest affairs—a sideline for printers. They became a political force in the campaign for American independence. Following independence the first amendment to U ..., Henry Luce. Luce began publishing Time, the first weekly news magazine, in 1923. In 1930, he introduced the prototypical business magazine, Fortune. In 1936 Luce pioneered the photojournalism magazine genre with Life. …, 16. feb. 2022 ... ... journalism career writing for the 1880s-founded Black newspaper The Philadelphia Tribune. “News about African American history is just one ..., The Wall Street Journal is one of the most respected and widely read financial publications in the world. It offers a wealth of information about business, finance, and the economy. For those who want to access this valuable resource, it’s ..., Journalism History 14: 2-3 (1987): 54-67. Buozis, Michael. "Reading Helen Jewett's Murder: The Historiographical Problems and Promises of Journalism." American Journalism 35:3 (Summer 2018): 334-356. Canada, Mark. Literature and Journalism in Antebellum America: Thoreau, Stowe, and the Contemporaries Respond to the Rise of the Commercial ..., Search the history of over 815 billion web pages on the Internet. Search the Wayback Machine. An illustration of a magnifying glass. ... Main Currents In The Hisotry Of American Journalism dc.rights.holder: Willard Grosvenor Bleyer. Addeddate 2017-01-21 16:18:46 Identifier in.ernet.dli.2015.58844 Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t3mw7sp66 Ocr, Flamiano, Dolores. "Japanese American Internment in Popular Magazines: Race, Citizenship, and Gender in World War II America." Journalism History 36:1 (Spring 2010): 23-35. Folkerts, Jean. "Report on the Russians: The Controversy Surrounding William Lindsay White's 1945 Account of Russia." American Journalism 32:3 (2015): 307-328., RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTeX Medlars RefWorks. Tips on citation download. Download Citation. Download article citation data for: American Journalism. Frank Luther Mott. Journalism Quarterly 1950 27: 4 , 493-493., The Sun became the first paper to be printed by what became known as the penny press. Prior to the emergence of the penny press, the most popular paper, New York City’s Courier and Enquirer, had sold 4,500 copies per day. By 1835, The Sun sold 15,000 copies per day. Figure 4.6 Benjamin Day’s Sun, the first penny paper., According to Len Downie and Michael Schudson in their 2009 report, "The Reconstruction of American Journalism,". we lost approximately a third of the nation's newspaper reporters and editors in the United States between 1992 and 2009, from 60,000 editorial employees to about 40,000. Meanwhile, between 1980 and 2010, the number of public ..., (ii) identify the history of American journalism through events (1) The student demonstrates an understanding of media development, press law, and responsibility. The student is expected to: (A) identify the history and development of American journalism through people and events (iii) identify the development of American journalism through people, JOU 3004 - Chapter 7. A revolution in American journalism occurred in the 1830s when the penny press appeared. Its presence had a great impact both on the press and on society, and some of the most famous figures in American journalism were instrumental in its development. The penny press began as the nation was becoming more industrial and urban., In 1937, Sterling A. Brown, a poet and literature professor at Howard University, published a forthright essay charting the history of Black life in his hometown of Washington, DC—from the district's early status as the "very seat and center" of the domestic slave trade through the present-day effects of disenfranchisement and segregation. . "In this border city, southern in so many ..., History of American journalism by Lee, James Melvin, 1878-1929. Publication date [1917] Topics Journalism -- United States History, Press -- United States History, History of American journalism by Lee, James Melvin, 1878-1929. Publication date [1917] Topics Journalism -- United States History, Press -- United States History, From the First Amendment to Facebook, this popular textbook – now in its third edition – provides a comprehensive exploration of the guiding principles of journalism and what makes it unique. Authors Stephanie Craft and Charles Davis cover the profession's ethical and legal foundations, its historical and modern precepts, the economic ..., American Journalism is the scholarly journal of the American Journalism Historians Association.Founded in 1981, the association fosters the research and teaching of journalism and mass communication history., Journalism History 14: 2-3 (1987): 54-67. Buozis, Michael. "Reading Helen Jewett's Murder: The Historiographical Problems and Promises of Journalism." American Journalism 35:3 (Summer 2018): 334-356. Canada, Mark. Literature and Journalism in Antebellum America: Thoreau, Stowe, and the Contemporaries Respond to the Rise of the Commercial ..., We will survey the history of American journalism (largely chronologically, although we will begin with the Pentagon Papers case of the early 1970s) and consider the ways the practice, institution, technology, and values of journalism have changed over time, from the very first newspaper in the colonial era to the present digital age.